Starlink users are frequently receiving copyright infringement notices, even if they haven’t downloaded any illegal content. This isn’t unique to Starlink, but the satellite internet provider stands out for its aggressive enforcement compared to other ISPs. The root cause? A networking practice called CGNAT, combined with a long-standing legal framework that favors copyright holders.
The History of Copyright Enforcement Online
The current system dates back to 2013 with the Copyright Alert System, a collaboration between Hollywood and ISPs designed to curb piracy. Though it sent over a million notices in its first year, it ultimately failed to significantly reduce illegal downloads. However, the underlying structure remains: copyright holders can still notify ISPs about unauthorized content accessed via a user’s IP address.
Legal precedent reinforces this process. Courts have consistently sided with copyright holders, even holding ISPs liable for failing to disconnect customers who engage in piracy. The Supreme Court is currently reviewing a $1 billion damages claim against Cox Communications for this exact issue, signaling that ISPs are taking copyright complaints more seriously than ever.
Why Starlink Is Different: CGNAT and Shared IP Addresses
Starlink’s higher rate of false accusations stems from its use of Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation (CGNAT). This means multiple households share a single IP address. If one user downloads copyrighted material illegally, the notice gets sent to that shared IP, potentially blaming innocent neighbors.
CGNAT is common among smaller ISPs struggling to secure enough unique IP addresses for every customer. But Starlink’s widespread implementation of it means more users are susceptible to false accusations.
What Users Can Do
If you receive a notice and haven’t engaged in copyright infringement, file an appeal with Starlink immediately. Customer reports suggest the company is receptive to disputes. For long-term protection, consider using a Virtual Private Network (VPN).
A VPN hides your internet activity from your ISP, making it appear as though you’re connecting from a different location. Starlink recommends SSTP, OpenVPN, and WireGuard protocols, while PPTP and L2TP are unreliable with CGNAT.
The Cost of Privacy
High-quality VPNs typically cost $10–$15 per month or $60–$75 annually. While free VPNs exist, many compromise user data. Experts recommend Proton VPN’s free tier as a safer option. As CNET Senior Writer Attila Tomaschek points out, “With a strictly free VPN, you are the product.”
The aggressive enforcement of copyright laws, combined with CGNAT, creates a system where innocent users are often unfairly penalized. While appealing notices and using a VPN can mitigate the risk, the underlying issue remains: internet providers are increasingly liable for user activity, and shared IP addresses create unavoidable ambiguity.
